Matatu

Mae'r Matatu yn ffordd boblogaidd a rhad o deithio ymysg pobl Cenia, Wganda a gwledydd dwyrain Affrica. Mae'r matatu yn fws mini preifat sy'n gweithredu fel tacsi ond gall gasglu pobl ychwanegol ar hyd y daith. Cellir hefyd cael pick-up trucks neu ceir estate er bod rheini ddim mor gyffredin bellach.^[1]^[2]

Yn aml caiff y matatu eu harddurno'n lliwgar gyda phortreadau o enwogion neu ddywediadau.^[3]^[4] Byddant hefyd yn chwarae miwisig er mwyn denu cwsmeriaid.^[5]

Mae gwreiddiau'r Matatu yn deillio nôl i'r 1960au a tyfodd eu niferoedd yn sylweddol yn Cenia yn yr 1980au a 90au. Erbyn y 2000au roedd y matatu lliwgar, fel arfer microvan Siapaneëeg yn gyffredin iawn.

↑ For Kenya and neighbouring nations, see Kenya's Taxi Vans Are Packed and Perilous nytimes.com, 24 Ebrill 1988
↑
*For private ownership, see In Nairobi, Kenya puts brakes on its runaway success csmonitor.com, 28 Mehefin 1999
- For matatu as minibuses, see Kenya (page 383) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 416 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books)
- For past use of pick-up trucks, see Have You Ever Taken A Matatu? Archifwyd 2020-10-16 yn y Peiriant Wayback. glpinc.org. and "Field notes: a matatu, a bike and a walk" Schatz, Enid. Contexts Vol. 2, No. 3 (Summer 2003), pp. 58-59
- For past use of estate cars, see Muyia, Nafukho. "The Forgonen Workers" (PDF). Social Science Research Report Series, no. 18. Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. t. 7. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol (PDF) ar 2014-02-22. Cyrchwyd 25 Medi 2012.
↑ For portraits, see Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City; Hidden $ Centz: Rolling the Wheels of Nairobi Matatu. Mbugua wa-Mungai. (page 376) edited by Helene Charton-Bigot, Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres. African Books Collective, 2010. 404 pages. 9987080936, 9789987080939. (Google Books)
↑
- For slogans and sayings, see Roll over Snoop Dogg, Ocampo is new king of the matatu csmonitor.com, 29 January 2010
↑ DJ Edu (21 Chwefror 2015). "The buses you choose because of their music". Radio 1Xtra. BBC. Cyrchwyd 1 March 2015.

[1] For Kenya and neighbouring nations, see Kenya's Taxi Vans Are Packed and Perilous nytimes.com, 24 Ebrill 1988

[2] *For private ownership, see In Nairobi, Kenya puts brakes on its runaway success csmonitor.com, 28 Mehefin 1999
For matatu as minibuses, see Kenya (page 383) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 416 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books)

For past use of pick-up trucks, see Have You Ever Taken A Matatu? Archifwyd 2020-10-16 yn y Peiriant Wayback. glpinc.org. and "Field notes: a matatu, a bike and a walk" Schatz, Enid. Contexts Vol. 2, No. 3 (Summer 2003), pp. 58-59

For past use of estate cars, see Muyia, Nafukho. "The Forgonen Workers" (PDF). Social Science Research Report Series, no. 18. Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. t. 7. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol (PDF) ar 2014-02-22. Cyrchwyd 25 Medi 2012.

[3] For matatu as minibuses, see Kenya (page 383) Tom Parkinson, Max Phillips, Will Gourlay. Lonely Planet, 2006. 416 pages. 1740597435, 9781740597432. (Google Books)

[4] For past use of pick-up trucks, see Have You Ever Taken A Matatu? Archifwyd 2020-10-16 yn y Peiriant Wayback. glpinc.org. and "Field notes: a matatu, a bike and a walk" Schatz, Enid. Contexts Vol. 2, No. 3 (Summer 2003), pp. 58-59

[5] For past use of estate cars, see Muyia, Nafukho. "The Forgonen Workers" (PDF). Social Science Research Report Series, no. 18. Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa. t. 7. Archifwyd o'r gwreiddiol (PDF) ar 2014-02-22. Cyrchwyd 25 Medi 2012.

[3] For portraits, see Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City; Hidden $ Centz: Rolling the Wheels of Nairobi Matatu. Mbugua wa-Mungai. (page 376) edited by Helene Charton-Bigot, Deyssi Rodriguez-Torres. African Books Collective, 2010. 404 pages. 9987080936, 9789987080939. (Google Books)

[4] 
For slogans and sayings, see Roll over Snoop Dogg, Ocampo is new king of the matatu csmonitor.com, 29 January 2010

[8] For slogans and sayings, see Roll over Snoop Dogg, Ocampo is new king of the matatu csmonitor.com, 29 January 2010

[5] DJ Edu (21 Chwefror 2015). "The buses you choose because of their music". Radio 1Xtra. BBC. Cyrchwyd 1 March 2015.

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